![]() Stem cells that are often encountered in clinical or preclinical stages are largely classified into embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). ![]() Since the first successful cultivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, interest in stem cells has been increasing. Symmetrical divisions are defined as the generation of undifferentiated daughter cells like the parent cell, and unsymmetrical divisions are defined as the generation of differentiated daughter cells. Stem cells generate their daughter cells through symmetrical or asymmetrical cell division. Stem cells play an important role in forming organs at the stage of embryonic development and restoring organs and renewing tissue functions in fully developed adults as well. Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that have the ability to replicate and differentiate themselves into various tissues cells. In this review, the emerging opportunities of stem cell therapy for pain treatment are discussed as well as the limitations of stem cell treatments, and ethical and legal issues as well. The number of clinical or preclinical reports in which stem cell therapy was applied for the treatment of chronic pain has been growing. Recently, stem cell therapy has been introduced in the field of treatment for chronic intractable pain syndromes. Stem cell therapy has been tried for various diseases, such as Lou Gehrig’s disease, Burger’s disease, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, and intractable osteoarthritis. Today, treatment with stem cells has received increasing attention as a solution to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment and medicine for intractable diseases. Since this historical event, leukemia has been successfully treated with stem cell therapy. Intravenous infusions of bone marrow cells in 1957 from a healthy donor to a leukemia patient following radiation and chemotherapy would come to be considered a kind of hematopoietic stem cell therapy. Stem cell medicine brings a new paradigm to modern medicine which has relied heavily on medicine or surgery. Development of cell therapy and regenerative medicine using stem cells is expanding the medical industry and businesses as well as increasing the understanding of the nature of the cell itself. Stem cells are attracting attention as a key element in future medicine, satisfying the desire to live a healthier life with the possibility that they can regenerate tissue damaged or degenerated by disease or aging. One of the major achievements in the development in modern medicine is the discovery of stem cells. Even though the use of stem cells is still in the very early stages of clinical use and raises complicated ethical problems, the future of stem cells therapies is very bright with the help of accumulating evidence and technology. Even though various differentiation capacities of stem cells are reported, there is not enough knowledge and technique to control the differentiation into desired tissues in vivo. The main idea of applying stem cells to neuropathic pain is based on the ability of stem cells to release neurotrophic factors, along with providing a cellular source for replacing the injured neural cells, making them ideal candidates for modulating and possibly reversing intractable neuropathic pain. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been frequently applied to the treatment of pain as an alternative or promising approach for the treatment of severe osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and intractable musculoskeletal pain which do not respond to conventional medicine. ![]() ![]() Stem cells, commonly encountered in clinical or preclinical stages, are largely classified into embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells. ![]()
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